Public broadcasting includes radio, television and other electronic media outlets that receive some or all of their funding from the public. Public broadcasters may receive their funding from individuals through voluntary donations, a specific charge such as a television license fee, or as direct funding by the state.
The extent to which public broadcasters can be considered "non-commercial" varies from country to country. In the United States most public radio and television stations are licensed as non-commercial broadcasters, yet many stations transmit underwriting spots (resembling advertisements on commercial broadcasting but with some content limitations) in exchange for corporate contributions. In some other countries public broadcasters are permitted to transmit commercials.
Public broadcasting may be nationally or locally operated, depending on the country and the station. In some countries, public broadcasting is run by a single organization (such as the BBC in the UK and the Australian Broadcasting Corporation in Australia), broadcasting national and regional radio and television services. Other countries have multiple public broadcasting organizations operating regionally (such as the ARD stations in Germany) or in different languages. In the United States, public broadcasting stations are always locally licensed, but range from stations that mostly broadcast programming from national networks such as the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) and National Public Radio (NPR), to stations that broadcast content of local interest.
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